資訊科學朝向多學科領域的轉變 / The shift towards multi-disciplinarity in information science
這篇是課堂中閱讀論文的筆記。作者對資訊科學界中最重要的期刊JASIST進行書目計量分析,欲求得作者之間的合作趨勢、活躍作者與學科領域、以及重要的關鍵字。這是一篇穩紮穩打的書目計量學研究,值得參考。
書目 / Bibliography
Chua, A. Y. K., & Yang, C. C. (2008). The shift towards multi-disciplinarity in information science. Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology, 59(13), 2156–2170. doi:10.1002/asi.20929
作者 / Author
Alton Chua Yeow Kuan
Nanyang Technological University, 31 Nanyang Link, SCI Building, Singapore, 637718. 新加坡南洋大學
Associate Professor, Division of Information Studies, Wee Kim Wee School of Communication and Information, College of Humanities, Arts, & Social Sciences
Christopher C. Yang
iSchool, Drexel University, 141 Chestnut Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104-2875. 美國費城卓克索大學
Associate Professor, College of Computing and Informatics, Drexel University
摘要 / Abstract
這篇研究分析發表在Journal of American Society for Information Science and Technology (JASIST)中所有研究文章的合作趨勢、作者與關鍵字。藉由比較兩個10年期間,也就是1988至1997與1998至2007,本研究將比較以下三項變項的改變:(a) 作者的合作趨勢;(b) 活躍作者,以及他們所屬的機構、合著者;(c) 最常出現的關鍵字以及新興的子領域。
本研究發現了作者越來越有對外合作的趨勢。作者越來越多是來自於圖書館或資訊相關的不同領域單位,像是資訊系統管理 (information systems management)、資訊科技(information technology)、商業(businesss)、以及人類學(the humanities)。其中,大多合作者都來自於不同的領域,跨領域合作的趨勢越來越明顯。另一方面,常用關鍵字的出現也從資訊科學的核心領域轉變成其他子領域,像是資訊科技或是社會行為科學 (sociobehavioral science)。
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論文閱讀筆記 / Note
重要名詞
- Information Sciense (IS) 資訊科學
- Journal of American Society for Information Science and Technology (JASIST) 與 JASIS 的關係
- collaboration 合作
- Bibliometrics 書目計量學
1. Introduction [P.1]
IS學科領域從1000BC開始,到第二次世界大戰盛行,至今已經越發成長到難以定義。
- Zins (2007)的IS六模式:hi-tech 高科技、technology 技術、culture文化、 human world 人文世界、living world 生活世界、living and physical world 生活與實體世界
- Zhang & Benjamin (2007)的I-model:information 資訊、technology 科技、people 人、organization 組織、society 社會
本文章以書目計量研究法,從統計期刊文章來分析IS的轉變
2. Methodology [P.2]
期刊選擇:JASIST
- 在過去8年中,JASIST的引用數量、Impact factor、Immediacy index都是頂尖期刊
- JASIST是近60年資訊專業的重要知識來源
- JASIST的收錄主題較廣
資料蒐集與處理:以1988年至2007年(此文章為2008出版),分前半1988-1997與後半1998-2007兩個時期進行分析
- 因為1998之後的資料尚未有研究進行分析
- JASIS在2000轉變成JASIST之後值得進行分析
- 選擇論文類型:full-length research articles 完整研究論文
資料分析:
- 目標1:分析作者合作趨勢
- 目標2:分析活躍作者與學科領域類型
- 目標3:分析關鍵字
3. Analysis Results [P.4]
3-1. Authors’ Collaboration
First decade: 1988-1997 | Second decade: 1998-2007 | |
No. of articles | 622 (100%) | 1203 (100%) |
No. of sole-authored articles <降> | 327 (52.6%) | 469 (39%) |
No. of coauthored articles | 295 (47.4%) | 734 (61%) |
Int. collab. = 160 (54.2%) | Int. collab. = 370 (50.4%) | |
Ext. collab. = 135 (45.8%) | Ext. collab. = 364 (49.6%) |
3-2. Top Authors Analysis
作者學科領域分類編碼表 (Summers, et al., 1999)
Categories | Terms appearing in department names | Examples |
Core Information Science (Core) 核心資訊科學領域 | Library, Information Science, Information Studies | School of Information and Library Science |
Information Systems Management (MIS) 資訊管理系統學科領域 | Information systems, Management | Management Information Systems Department; |
Information Technology (IT) 資訊科技學科領域 | Information Technology, Science & Technology, Computer Science, Systems Engineering | School of Computing and Information Technology |
Others 其他 | [None of the terms specified above] | School of Journalism; Psychology Department |
Distribution of authors’ disciplines over two 10-year periods.
Top authors’ disciplines | 1988–1997 | 1998–2007 |
Core Information Science <降> | 38 (61.3%) | 73 (47.7%) |
Information System Management | 4 (6.5%) | 13 (8.5%) |
Information Technology | 10 (16.1%) | 38 (24.8%) |
Others | 10 (16.1%) | 29 (19%) |
Total | 62 (100%) | 153 (100%) |
社會網絡分析:
- 1988-1997:4群,其中兩群(50%)都是核心IS作者
- 1998-2007:11群,只有兩群(18%)是核心IS作者,3群不包含核心IS作者,合作次數也有所提昇
3-3. Top Keywords Analysis
Coding scheme for keywords (Adapted from Hawkins, 2001).
Subdisciplines | Related areas | Examples |
Core Information Science 核心資訊科學 | Information access and retrieval; knowledge organization; publishing; information economics; online searching | End user searching; information needs; information retrieval; |
Computing Technology 電腦技術 | Software; hardware; storage; electronic mail; multimedia; security; hypertext; fuzzy logic, Internet | CD-ROM; databases; World Wide Web |
Law & Government 法律與政府 | Copyright; privacy; contracts | Legal aspects |
Communication 通訊與傳播 | Speech; text; video; visualization; scholarly and organizational communication | Organizational communication |
Sociobehavioral Science 社會行為學 | Ergonomics; human-computer interface; human factors; psychology; collaboration; politics | Social aspects; usage studies; political aspects |
Librarianship 圖書館事業 | Types of libraries; educations/training; digital libraries; library management and operations | Academic libraries; reader services |
Statistics 統計 | Bibliometrics; scientometrics; citation analysis | Cluster analysis; citation analysis |
Others 其他 | Terms not specified above | Medical science; cost analysis |
Frequency distribution of top keywords’ occurrences across the eight subdisciplines.
1988-1997 | 1998-2007 | |||
Subdisciplines | Top keywords | Occurrences | Top keywords | Occurrences |
Core Information Science <降> | 42 | 837 (63.2%) | 33 | 1098 (40%) |
Computing Technology | 5 | 85 (6.4%) | 23 | 608 (22.1%) |
Law & Government | 0 | 0 | 1 | 17 (0.6%) |
Communication | 2 | 28 (2.1%) | 4 | 116 (4.2%) |
Sociobehavioral Science | 8 | 122 (9.2%) | 17 | 470 (17.1%) |
Librarianship <降> | 5 | 107 (8.1%) | 4 | 119 (4.3%) |
Statistics | 6 | 103 (7.8%) | 10 | 294 (10.7%) |
Others <降> | 2 | 44 (3.2%) | 1 | 24 (0.9%) |
Total | 70 | 1326 (100%) | 93 | 2746 (100%) |
Common and exclusive top keywords’ occurrences by time period.
Subdisciplines | In both time periods | Exclusively in 1988-1997 | Exclusively in 1998-2007 |
Core Information Science | 21 “document retrieval” “end user searching” “information retrieval” | 21 “Boolean searching” “full text searching” | 12 "information architecture" "information seeking" "knowledge management" |
Computing Technology | 2 | 3 “CD-ROM” “databases" | 21 “data mining” “fuzzy retrieval systems” “World Wide Web” |
Law & Government | 0 | 0 | 1 “legal aspects” |
Communication | 1 | 1 | 3 “communication patterns” “visualization” |
Sociobehavioral Science | 7 “social aspects” “usability” “user behavior" | 1 | 10 “user models” “user preferences” “social networking” |
Librarianship | 1 | 4 “libraries” “OPAC” | 3 “digital libraries” “electronic journals” “children” |
Statistics | 5 “bibliographic citations” “citation analysis” “cluster analysis” | 1 | 5 “impact factor” “ranking” “author productivity” |
Others | 0 | 2 “medical science” “cost analysis” | 1 “research methods” |
4. Discussion [P.8]
研究發現
- IS研究文獻持續成長
- 機構內部與外部合作的作者都明顯增加
- 作者所屬學科領域域逐漸擴大至資訊管理系統、資訊科技、商業與人類學
- 研究主題從IS核心學科領域逐漸擴大至資訊科技與社會行為學
研究限制
- 資料蒐集只分析JASIST期刊
- 研究假設:關鍵字同等重要,作者貢獻相同,但實際上會有所不同
- 分類法參考自前人研究,還可從其他角度來分類
5. Conclusion [P.9]
IS有多學科領域的趨勢
研究貢獻
- 對IS教學單位來說,可以了解近年趨勢以規劃課程
- 對研究者來說,可以從新角度與方法來分析傳統議題
心得
敘述統計的解釋力有限。如果有假設要去驗證,應該要用推論統計
- 用獨立樣本T檢定來檢定作者合作數量有所差異
- 用相關分析來檢定時間與文獻數量成正比,並用迴歸分析歸納趨勢